Applied Haematology-I Notes
Subject Overview
Applied Haematology-I covers quality assurance and safety in the haematology lab, basic automation (blood cell counters, coagulometers), bone marrow examination technique, red cell and leucocyte morphological abnormalities, the L.E. cell phenomenon, physiological variation in blood counts, investigation of bleeding disorders, and the routine examination of urine, seminal fluid, CSF and other body fluids. A 1-credit skill enhancement theory paper.
Subject at a glance
3
Units
19
Topics
1
Credits
3
Infographics
Unit-wise Syllabus
3 units — open any unit for detailed topic-wise notes, diagrams and important exam questions
- Internal and external quality control
- routine QA protocol
- statistical analysis (SD, coefficient of variation, accuracy and precision)
- safety precautions
- basic concepts of automation — blood cell counters and coagulometers
Mean
x̄ = Σx / n
Standard deviation
SD = √[Σ(x − x̄)² / (n − 1)]
Coefficient of variation
CV% = (SD / mean) × 100
Measures precision
Levey-Jennings rule
Value beyond ±2 SD = warning; beyond ±3 SD = reject run
Study guide
This unit covers internal and external quality control, routine QA protocols, statistical analysis (standard deviation, coefficient of variation, accuracy and precision), safety and the basics of automation with blood cell counters and coagulometers. Understand the difference between accuracy and precision with a simple example.
- Bone marrow composition and function
- aspiration technique (adults and children)
- processing and staining of aspirated marrow and trephine biopsy specimens
- differential cell counts and cellular ratios
- red cell morphological anomalies
- leucocyte disorders (shift to left/right)
- the L.E. cell phenomenon and its clinical significance
Sample
Liquid marrow
Solid core of bone and marrow
Shows
Cell morphology and differential count
Architecture and cellularity
Stains
Leishman, MGG, Perl's for iron
H&E, reticulin
Common site
Posterior iliac crest
Posterior iliac crest
Study guide
You study bone marrow composition and function, aspiration technique in adults and children, processing and staining of marrow and trephine biopsy, differential counts and cell ratios, red cell morphological abnormalities, leucocyte disorders and the LE cell phenomenon. Learn how to identify immature cells in a marrow smear.
- Physiological variation in Hb/PCV/TLC/DLC/platelets
- investigation of bleeding disorders
- quantitative assay of coagulation factors
- routine examination of urine
- seminal fluid
- CSF and other body fluids (pleural, peritoneal, synovial)
- biomedical waste management in haematology
Urine
Pale yellow, clear
Physical, chemical (dipstick), microscopy
CSF
Clear, colourless
Cell count, protein, glucose, Gram stain
Semen
Grey-white, liquefies in 20–30 min
Volume, count, motility, morphology
Pleural / peritoneal
Clear, straw-coloured
Cells, protein: transudate vs exudate
Study guide
You study physiological variation in haematological values, investigation of bleeding disorders, quantitative coagulation factor assays, routine examination of urine, seminal fluid, CSF and other body fluids and biomedical waste management. Learn the normal findings of each body fluid.
Why Applied Haematology-I Matters
Bone marrow and body fluid examination are specialised skills used in diagnosing blood cancers, anaemia and infections, and quality control knowledge is essential for accredited laboratories.
How to Prepare for Applied Haematology-I
- Learn the cell series in the bone marrow and their maturation stages.
- Practise coefficient of variation and SD calculations.
- Learn normal and abnormal findings in each body fluid.
Applied Haematology-I: Frequently Asked Questions
Why is a bone marrow examination done?
It is done to diagnose blood disorders such as leukaemia, anaemia and marrow failure by examining the cells that produce blood.
What is coefficient of variation?
The coefficient of variation is the standard deviation expressed as a percentage of the mean, used to measure the precision of a test.