Applied Haematology-II Notes
Subject Overview
Applied Haematology-II is the capstone haematology paper, covering the classification and laboratory diagnosis of the anaemias (iron deficiency, megaloblastic, haemolytic), the leukaemias and leukaemoid reactions, cytochemical staining, chromosomal studies in blood disorders, coagulation disorders (hyperfibrinolysis, DIC, haemophilia, von Willebrand disease, ITP), platelet function testing, and the use of radioactive isotopes in haematology. A 1-credit skill enhancement theory paper.
Subject at a glance
3
Units
21
Topics
1
Credits
3
Infographics
Unit-wise Syllabus
3 units — open any unit for detailed topic-wise notes, diagrams and important exam questions
- Classification and laboratory diagnosis of iron deficiency
- megaloblastic and haemolytic anaemia
- classification and laboratory diagnosis of leukaemias
- leukaemoid reactions
- cytochemical staining and its significance in haemopoietic disorders
- chromosomal studies in haematological disorders
Microcytic hypochromic
Under 80 fL
Iron deficiency, thalassaemia
Normocytic
80–100 fL
Acute blood loss, chronic disease, haemolysis
Macrocytic (megaloblastic)
Over 100 fL
Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency
Study guide
This unit covers the classification and diagnosis of iron deficiency, megaloblastic and haemolytic anaemias, classification and diagnosis of leukaemias, leukaemoid reactions, cytochemical staining and chromosomal studies. Learn the typical blood picture of each anaemia.
- Mechanism of normal fibrinolysis and laboratory diagnosis of hyperfibrinolysis
- mechanism and diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- laboratory diagnosis of haemophilia and von Willebrand disease
- laboratory diagnosis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
- platelet function tests and interpretation
Haemophilia A or B
Normal / prolonged
Normal
von Willebrand disease
Normal / normal or prolonged
Normal count; poor function, long bleeding time
DIC
Prolonged / prolonged
Low; D-dimer high, fibrinogen low
ITP
Normal / normal
Low
Study guide
You study fibrinolysis, hyperfibrinolysis, DIC, haemophilia and von Willebrand disease, ITP and platelet function tests. Make a table of coagulation disorders with their typical screening test results.
- Radioactive isotopes used in haematology — definition
- source
- half-life and applications
- units of radiation measurement (curie, millicurie, microcurie, rad)
- apparatus for radiation measurement
- measurement of blood volume
- red cell and plasma volume
- red cell and platelet life span
- radiation hazards
- prevention and disposal of radioactive material
- ⁵¹Cr (chromium-51)
- Red cell survival and red cell volume
- ¹²⁵I albumin
- Plasma volume
- ⁵⁹Fe (iron-59)
- Iron absorption and turnover
- ¹¹¹In (indium-111)
- Platelet life span
- Curie
- 3.7 × 10¹⁰ disintegrations per second
Study guide
You study radioisotopes in haematology: definition, sources, half-life and uses, units of radiation, measuring apparatus, measuring blood and red cell volume and cell life span, radiation hazards and safe disposal. Remember the basic principles of radiation safety: time, distance and shielding.
Why Applied Haematology-II Matters
Diagnosing anaemia, leukaemia and bleeding disorders is the heart of clinical haematology, and these skills are vital in hospitals and cancer centres.
How to Prepare for Applied Haematology-II
- Learn the peripheral smear and lab findings of each anaemia and leukaemia.
- Compare coagulation disorders in a single table.
- Revise cytochemical stains and what each identifies.
Applied Haematology-II: Frequently Asked Questions
How is iron deficiency anaemia diagnosed?
It is suggested by low haemoglobin with small, pale red cells and confirmed by low serum ferritin and iron studies.
What is DIC?
Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a serious condition in which widespread clotting uses up clotting factors and causes bleeding.