Web Technologies Notes
Subject Overview
Web Technologies takes students from internet basics through building a complete static website — HTML tags and text formatting, lists and graphics, tables, hyperlinks and frames, CSS, HTML forms, and an introduction to JavaScript (syntax, functions, objects, events, arrays, DOM interaction). A 3-credit core theory paper.
Subject at a glance
4
Units
48
Topics
3
Credits
4
Infographics
Unit-wise Syllabus
4 units — open any unit for detailed topic-wise notes, diagrams and important exam questions
- Internet fundamentals
- domains and connectivity
- HTML tags (paired and singular)
- document head/body
- title and footer
- text formatting
- heading styles
- text styles
- HTML color coding
- 1Type a URL
Browser asks DNS for the server's IP address
- 2Request
Browser sends an HTTP request
- 3Response
Server returns HTML, CSS, JS and images
- 4Render
Browser builds and displays the page
Study guide
Every website begins with the internet and HTML. You learn how the internet works, domains and connectivity, and then HTML: paired and singular tags, document head and body, titles and footers, text formatting, headings, text styles and colour codes. Build a simple page as you read; HTML is learned fastest by trying it in the browser.
- Unordered/ordered/definition lists
- adding graphics (border, width/height, align, alt attributes)
- tables (header, data rows, caption, cell padding/spacing, colspan/rowspan)
- internal and external hyperlinks
- image hyperlinks
- frames and framesets
- introduction to Cascading Style Sheets
- colspan
- Merges cells across columns
- rowspan
- Merges cells across rows
- cellpadding
- Space inside a cell
- cellspacing
- Space between cells
- caption
- Title shown above the table
Study guide
This unit builds fuller pages: unordered, ordered and definition lists, images with their attributes (border, size, alignment, alt text), tables with headers, captions, padding, spacing, colspan and rowspan, internal and external links, image links, frames and framesets, and an introduction to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) for styling. Always write meaningful alt text; it helps accessibility and search engines.
- The form object and its methods — text
- password
- button
- submit
- reset
- checkbox
- radio
- textarea
- select and multi-choice select list elements
Text and password
Single-line input
Radio buttons
Choose one option
Checkboxes
Choose several options
Select list
Dropdown of options
Textarea
Multi-line text
Submit and reset
Send or clear the form
Study guide
Forms collect information from users. You study the form object and its elements: text, password, button, submit, reset, checkbox, radio, textarea, and select and multi-select lists. Build a registration form that uses every element, since forms are the base of logins, sign-ups and checkouts.
- JS syntax
- statements
- variables
- operators
- data types
- functions
- objects
- events
- strings and string methods
- numbers
- arrays and array methods
- dates
- math and random
- booleans
- comparisons
- conditions
- switch
- loops
- type conversion
- scope
- JSON
- forms API
- function definitions/parameters/invocation/closures
HTML
Structure and content
<h1>, <p>, <form>
CSS
Presentation and layout
color, margin, flexbox
JavaScript
Behaviour and interactivity
Form validation, events
Study guide
JavaScript makes pages interactive. You learn syntax, statements, variables, operators, data types, functions, objects, events, strings and their methods, numbers, arrays, dates, Math and random, comparisons, conditions, switch, loops, type conversion, scope, JSON, the forms API and closures. Practise by validating a form with JavaScript; it ties together almost everything in this unit.
Why Web Technologies Matters
Web skills are among the most employable in IT. HTML, CSS and JavaScript are the foundation of front-end development and a gateway to frameworks such as React, and a simple portfolio website built in this course can itself support your internship and job applications.
How to Prepare for Web Technologies
- Build a small personal website while you study; practice beats reading.
- Learn to use the browser's developer tools to inspect and debug pages.
- Practise JavaScript form validation with real examples such as login and registration.
- Write clean, indented HTML and keep every tag properly closed.
Web Technologies: Frequently Asked Questions
Do I need coding experience before Web Technologies?
No. The paper starts from the basics of the internet and HTML, then moves step by step to forms and JavaScript.
What is the difference between HTML, CSS and JavaScript?
HTML structures the content, CSS styles it and JavaScript adds interactivity and behaviour.