Unit 1: Python programming exercises

pythonimport math
r = float(input("Radius: "))
print(f"Circle area {math.pi * r * r:.2f}, sphere volume {4 / 3 * math.pi * r ** 3:.2f}")
l, b, h = 5, 4, 3
print("Rectangle area", l * b, "Cuboid volume", l * b * h)

a, b, c = 1, -5, 6
d = b * b - 4 * a * c
if d > 0:
    print("Real roots:", (-b + math.sqrt(d)) / (2 * a), (-b - math.sqrt(d)) / (2 * a))   # 3.0 2.0
elif d == 0:
    print("Equal roots:", -b / (2 * a))
else:
    print("Complex roots:", complex(-b, math.sqrt(-d)) / (2 * a), complex(-b, -math.sqrt(-d)) / (2 * a))

pythonn = int(input("Number: "))
print("Divisible by 3 and 5" if n % 15 == 0 else "Divisible by 3" if n % 3 == 0
      else "Divisible by 5" if n % 5 == 0 else "Not divisible by 3 or 5")

a, b, c = sorted(map(float, input("Three sides: ").split()))
if a + b <= c:
    print("Not a triangle")
elif a == b == c:
    print("Equilateral")
elif a == b or b == c:
    print("Isosceles")
else:
    print("Scalene")
print("Right-angled" if abs(a * a + b * b - c * c) < 1e-9 else "")

pythonn = int(input("Table of: "))
for i in range(1, 11):
    print(f"{n} x {i:2} = {n * i}")

a, b = 0, 1
for _ in range(10):
    print(a, end=" "); a, b = b, a + b      # 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34

f = 1
for i in range(2, 8): f *= i
print("\n7! =", f)                          # 5040

num = 907315
print("Digits:", len(str(abs(num))))        # 6
count = 0
while num: num //= 10; count += 1           # arithmetic method

python# 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + ... + 1/n  and  1 - x²/2! + x⁴/4! - ...  (cos x)
n = 10
print(sum(1 / k for k in range(1, n + 1)))           # 2.928968...
import math
x, term, total = 1.0, 1.0, 1.0
for k in range(1, 8):
    term *= -x * x / ((2 * k - 1) * (2 * k))
    total += term
print(total, math.cos(x))                            # both 0.5403...

pythonA = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
B = [[7, 8, 9], [1, 2, 3]]
T = [[A[i][j] for i in range(len(A))] for j in range(len(A[0]))]           # transpose 3 x 2
S = [[A[i][j] + B[i][j] for j in range(3)] for i in range(2)]              # sum
C = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]
P = [[sum(A[i][k] * C[k][j] for k in range(3)) for j in range(2)] for i in range(2)]   # product
print(T, S, P, sep="\n")                     # P = [[22, 28], [49, 64]]

pythons = input("Text: ")
print("Vowels:", sum(1 for ch in s.lower() if ch in "aeiou"))
clean = "".join(ch.lower() for ch in s if ch.isalnum())
print("Palindrome" if clean == clean[::-1] else "Not a palindrome")   # "Madam, I'm Adam" → Palindrome

pythonmarks = [56, 78, 45, 90, 67]
marks.insert(2, 88)          # insert at index 2
marks.append(72)
marks.remove(45)             # delete by value
del marks[0]                 # delete by index
marks.sort(reverse=True)
print(marks)

def linear_search(lst, key):
    for i, v in enumerate(lst):
        if v == key:
            return i
    return -1
print(linear_search(marks, 67))

pythonlibrary = {}
def add_book(isbn, title, author, copies):
    library[isbn] = {"title": title, "author": author, "copies": copies}
def issue(isbn):
    book = library.get(isbn)
    if book and book["copies"] > 0:
        book["copies"] -= 1
        return f"Issued: {book['title']}"
    return "Not available"
add_book("978-0134685991", "Effective Java", "Joshua Bloch", 2)
add_book("978-1491946008", "Fluent Python", "Luciano Ramalho", 1)
print(issue("978-1491946008"), issue("978-1491946008"))
for isbn, b in sorted(library.items(), key=lambda kv: kv[1]["title"]):
    print(isbn, b["title"], b["copies"])

pythondef in_range(n, low, high):
    """Return True if n lies in the closed range [low, high]."""
    return low <= n <= high

def analyse(text):
    return {
        "upper": sum(c.isupper() for c in text),
        "lower": sum(c.islower() for c in text),
        "digits": sum(c.isdigit() for c in text),
        "spaces": text.count(" "),
        "words": len(text.split()),
    }
print(in_range(7, 1, 10), analyse("SBS Ludhiana 2026 MSc IT"))

pythondef fact(n):
    return 1 if n <= 1 else n * fact(n - 1)

def fib(n):
    return n if n < 2 else fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)

print(fact(6), [fib(i) for i in range(10)])

python# geometry.py
import math
def circle_area(r): return math.pi * r * r
def rect_area(l, b): return l * b
if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("Testing:", circle_area(1))

# main.py
import geometry as g
print(g.circle_area(3), g.rect_area(4, 5))

pythonimport math
class Rectangle:
    def __init__(self, length, breadth):
        self.length, self.breadth = length, breadth
    def area(self): return self.length * self.breadth
    def perimeter(self): return 2 * (self.length + self.breadth)

class Circle:
    def __init__(self, radius): self.radius = radius
    def area(self): return math.pi * self.radius ** 2
    def perimeter(self): return 2 * math.pi * self.radius

class Reverser:
    def reverse_words(self, s):
        return " ".join(reversed(s.split()))

print(Rectangle(4, 5).area(), round(Circle(7).perimeter(), 2))
print(Reverser().reverse_words("hello python world"))      # world python hello

pythonwith open("diary.txt", "a", encoding="utf-8") as f:     # append (creates if missing)
    f.write("Completed Python lab practicals\n")

with open("diary.txt", encoding="utf-8") as f:
    for no, line in enumerate(f, start=1):
        print(no, line.rstrip())